A new study proposes a radically simple and efficient way of calculating the complex physical quantity known as entropy -- and it probably exists on your own computer. Entropy, a measure of the ...

Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern physics. Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) and Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839–1903) were its primary formulators. They both worked to establish a bridge ...

Over the past decades, researchers have made significant progress in cooling objects closer to absolute zero, the temperature at which all molecular motion reaches its minimum. This has allowed them ...

Entropy, a measure of the molecular disorder or randomness of a system, is critical to understanding a system’s physical composition. In complex physical systems, the interaction of internal elements ...