Small RNAs (sRNAs) not only play essential roles within their own cells but also act as signaling molecules, inducing trans-kingdom gene silencing between plants, fungi, and other organisms. Building ...

As competitive athletes, we’re often looking for a performance edge. This increase in performance can come in the form of the newest super-bike, carbon fiber wheels, more scientific training, or ...

Dendritic cells and macrophages can process extracellular antigens for presentation by MHC-I molecules. This exogenous pathway may have a crucial role in the activation of CD8 + cytotoxic T ...

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is significantly increased in the serum of patients with malignant gliomas. High plasma IGFBP-2 levels are correlated with poor prognosis in ...

Lipoprotein particle metabolism can occur via the exogenous or endogenous pathway, depending whether the source of origin is dietary or hepatic. Both the exogenous and endogenous metabolic pathways of ...

MHC Class I and MHC Class II Antigen Processing Pathways Antigen processing and therefore the immune response to vaccines is generally divided into two systems, although considerable cross-over exists ...

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Conversion of CO₂ for the synthesis of chemicals by photosynthetic organisms is an attractive target for establishing independence from fossil reserves. However, synthetic pathway construction in ...