Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Switching algebra is easily visualized using switches since there are only two values: on and off, or true and false. In digital systems we represent these as 1 and 0, respectively. There are only two ...

Overview of digital logic design. Implementation technologies, timing in combinational and sequential circuits, EDA tools, basic arithmetic units, introduction to simulation and synthesis using ...

When designing a chip, a designer needs to consider many tradeoffs before developing the logic. For example, if a chip is being developed for mobile applications, power becomes a very important factor ...

VHDL and Verilog are hardware description languages, used to describe and define logic circuits. They’re typically used to design ASICs and to program FPGAs, essentially using software to define ...

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is a vital part of modern electronics, used in designing and manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs) that power many digital devices. CMOS ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

The three bandwidth-related strategies that can yield results. How and why to take a bandwidth approach. Some of the methods for implementing a bandwidth-optimized approach. As PCB feature sizes ...

In predominantly digital systems it is often necessary to include linear circuit functions. Traditionally, separate power supplies have been used to run the linear components (see Box, “Linear Power ...

A handful of CMOS logic chips is all it takes to build this versatile warning alarm. Discover a classic 1980 Elektor design ...