When the early Earth’s magma ocean crystallized 4.4 billion years ago, the deep mantle trapped an ocean’s worth of water, ...

Some 4.6 billion years ago, Earth was nothing like the gentle blue planet we know today. Frequent and violent celestial ...

For decades, volcanologists believed that the primary trigger for explosive eruptions was a drop in pressure as magma rises toward the surface. When pressure falls, gases dissolved deep within the ...

Scientists have discovered that shear forces inside rising magma can create gas bubbles long before pressure drops occur. The intensity of a volcanic eruption is shaped by how many gas bubbles develop ...

Most of a volcano’s magma probably isn’t the oozing, red-hot molten goo often imagined. Analyses of zircon crystals, spewed from a volcanic eruption in New Zealand, show that the crystals spent the ...

The Yellowstone supervolcano appears to be bigger than scientists previously expected. The volcano residing under Yellowstone National Park is 2.1-million-year-olds and is the center of a new study ...

🛍️ The best Black Friday deals you can shop right now (updating) 🛍️ By Briley Lewis Published Dec 21, 2022 6:00 AM EST Get the Popular Science daily ...

Around 4.5 billion years ago, Earth was — probably — one big ocean of magma. Geologists who study this primordial Earth use models, experimental simulations, and even samples from the Moon to figure ...

Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Studying the molten rock simmering about 12 miles below the Earth ...

If we were to draw a schematic cartoon diagram of a subduction zone, it would include a diving oceanic plate, represented by a uniform slab. As the plate dove deeper, water driven off by the ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. The ancient moon may have had a gooey interior: A new study suggests that some 4 billion years ...