Plasma, the fourth state of matter, is created by applying electrical energy to a gas, causing ion formation. When an energy source, such as electrical energy or radio waves, transfers energy to gas ...

Compact electron probes with large beam currents are required to achieve such precision. Routine production at the nanoscale requires immaculate and regulated surfaces to get the appropriate ...

Plasma science and technology are undergoing a period of significant growth, supported by advances in plasma sources, high-precision diagnostics, modelling capabilities, and computational tools.

The IAEA is inviting interested partners to participate in a new five-year Coordinated Research Project (CRP) aimed at advancing plasma science, technology and applications in health, agriculture, ...

The electronics industry is the modern ''toolmaker'' for the world economy and as such helps to generate jobs and improve productivity in most other industries. Automobiles, airplanes, telephones, ...