Greenstein, Shane, and Garey Ramey. "Market Structure, Innovation and Vertical Product Differentiation." International Journal of Industrial Organization 16, no. 3 (May 1998): 285–311.

In March 2023 I wrote a post reiterating my argument that grid reliability is not a public good, at least not according to the technical definition of a public good as nonexcludable and nonrival.

Looking to help companies differentiate their products in an increasingly competitive consumer market, Wolfson Microelectronics has launched the WM5110, said to be the first quad core high definition ...

Anand, Bharat, Rafael Di Tella, and Alexander Galetovic. "Information or Opinion? Media Bias as Product Differentiation." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 16, no. 3 (Fall 2007): 635–682.