There's an old saying in engine tuning that when adjusting the mixture of your engine you can be too rich a bunch of times, but only too lean once. With that in mind, determining the air-fuel ratio ...

It used to be that tuning a hot street engine or race motor was one of those black arts that only those carburetor and ignition wizards seem to understand. When (and why) an engine needed more or less ...

M. Schütte, H. Finke, G. Grünefeld, S. Krüger, P. Andresen, B. Stiebels, B. Stebels, B. Block, H. Meyer and W. Hentschel Single-cycle air-fuel ratio (AFR) and residual gas content of the fresh charge ...