Retained austenite plays a crucial role in determining the hardness, toughness, and strength of martensitic steel alloys. The quenching of these alloys forms a hard martensitic phase, but incomplete ...

The austenite grain growth in microalloyed steels is governed by thermally activated migration of grain boundaries, influenced by the presence of solutes and precipitates. At elevated temperatures, ...

Metalworkers and metallurgists have long appreciated the ability to tailor the performance characteristics of steel (an alloy of iron and carbon), including their strength, hardness, ductility and ...

The eutectoid phase transition in the iron carbon system takes place at 727 C. The three components in equilibrium at this temperature are Austenite, g, with the composition Fe - 0.77 wt % C, Ferrite, ...

Duplex stainless steels are typically known to have a dualphase microstructure that contains both ferrite and austenite grains. This so-called microstructure offers a uniquely beneficial combination ...

The properties of steel can be improved in terms of fatigue, weldability, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, ductility, and tensile strength by either alloy addition or heat treatment processes.