Researchers have for the first time measured the first ionization energy of lawrencium, the last of the actinides, validating predictions of the element’s electronic structure (Nature 2015, DOI: ...
Periodic trends like atomic radius and ionization energy aren’t just facts to memorize—they’re patterns that reveal the hidden structure of the periodic table. Understanding these patterns helps ...
The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Measurements of an artificial radioactive element called lawrencium could revive an arcane controversy over the element’s position ...
In 2009 researchers found an "ionization surprise" that defied explanation. Until that time, it had been commonly thought that the ionization of atoms by strong laser fields was well-understood, but ...