To repeat an icon is not easy. To reinvent an icon is even harder. Renault succeeds in doing so. Few small cars have so much visual appeal. The reborn Mini has it, so is Fiat 500. They are successful ...

No matter outside or inside, the 4 looks fantastic... Previously a performance sub-brand of Volvo, Polestar was spun off to become a premium EV brand, initially owned half-half by Volvo and its parent ...

All cars need energy for propulsion. When they decelerate and stop, the energy is wasted in braking. Why not recapture the braking energy, store it and use it for acceleration later on? That is ...

Suspension design - explain why double-wisbhones are favourable. Illustrate different types of double-wishbones suspensions. Weight Transfer due to lateral force - explain how cornering forces reduce ...

As many people know, mechanical superchargers are good for low-end output but short of high-end efficiency, while exhaust turbochargers work strongly at high rev but reluctantly at low rev. For ...

The first generation SH-AWD used in the 2005 Honda Legend (Acura RL) was a very clever invention. Not only its working principle is unique in the industry but it is highly capable to transform the ...

Combining cam-changing VVT and cam-phasing VVT may satisfy the requirement of both top-end power and flexibility throughout the whole rev range, though it is inevitably more complex. At the time of ...

Continuously Variable Transmission is getting more and more popular on small to mid-size cars, eating the market share of manual and low-end automatic transmissions. In 2015, the world produced 11.3 ...

A refined engine should be smooth running, free of vibration and quiet. These qualities also help the engine to spin freer at high rpm, lifting red line hence power output. Engine smoothness depends ...

First introduced by Mercedes 300SL in 1954, tuned intake manifold is not exactly a new technology. It is discussed here just because its principle is useful to our further study of variable intake ...

Multi-valve engines started life in 1912 on a Peugeot GP racing car. It was then briefly used by the pre-war Bentley and Bugatti. However, mass production on road cars came as late as 1970s - Ford ...